As a student working toward a doctorate, I investigate mineral synthesis and the properties of Earth’s lithosphere, mantle and core. I do, however, find it impossible to ignore some of the geopolitical headlines that permeate daily news, namely the resource shortages plaguing the U.S.
A universally recognizable byproduct of high-pressure synthesis, the diamond, can be a window into our quest for resource independence. If we can synthesize our own minerals, we can reduce our reliance on other countries for such naturally occurring compounds.
The synthesis requires the pressurization of graphite (a carbon compound) “in-situ” in a liquid solvent. The presence of the liquid allows for the formation of what is called a cavitation bubble; this bubble results from the formation of a pressure gradient within the sample-containing modulus, with an area of centralized high pressure and a corresponding drop in pressure elsewhere.
Once this cavitation bubble reaches a peak and bursts, the pressure generated from the so-called explosion is enough to compress and deform the structure of graphite into a diamond’s signature crystal lattice.
Mineralogically, both types of diamonds are identical; however, the geopolitics surrounding the diamond market are complex and fraught. Many natural diamonds are in fact “blood diamonds,” a moniker born of strife endemic to the regions surrounding the mines. This term applies primarily to African diamond mines, where labor conditions are deplorable and gangs maintain a stranglehold on local communities. Knowledge of this situation tends to put people off the idea of purchasing natural diamonds, where each stone’s acquisition serves only to further a persistent geopolitical conflict.
In an ideal world, our scientific omnipotence can be used as a workaround. Where natural resources are under conflict, we can generate our own to avoid endorsing violence and suffering. Diamonds have uses beyond engagement rings. The mining industry utilizes diamond saws and diamond-encrusted drill bits to mine the minerals that comprise our computers and iPhones.
This deep-set societal need for diamond-enabled technology raises the question of how many other compounds we can synthesize; after all, if a lab environment can perfectly re-create diamonds, one of the strongest materials in existence, then one might say our technology and innovative spirit should know no bounds. Our science is, therefore, the key to our longevity. While it is unlikely that the United States can achieve total resource independence, we can rely on our incredible intellectual advancements as the kindling for our ultimate emancipation.
Sabrina Reichert (Lautin) is studying for her doctorate in the Department of Geosciences at SUNY Stony Brook.
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